For generations, the heirs of James Garfield spoke proudly about his remarkable life but rarely mentioned his violent end. We understood what had happened, that he was gunned down in a transportation hub,â explains one of his modern descendants. âWe learned about the story in publications but, for various reasons, we just skimmed through it.â
This changed in 2011 with the issuing of a presidential biography, which sparked curiosity in Garfield's cut-short presidency. This work has now resulted in a streaming series titled the historical drama, starring a talented performer as the president and his co-star as the drifter who shot him.
The series promises to highlight Garfield, who emerged from difficult circumstances to the highest office during the Gilded Age only to succumb to its toxic political divisions. His tenure was ended prematurely after only 200 days not only by the assassin's bullet but by physician mistakes â an event now frequently ignored while the killings of the Civil War president and JFK continue to captivate the public.
âIt's impossible not to respect what he did. He was a true polymath: he was a lawyer, he was a minister, he was a land worker. He was all of these things which also formed his character and his behavior and the complete story about him the descendants preserve with us.â
Garfield was the most recent commander-in-chief born in a log cabin in the Midwest in 1831. His dad perished when he was 18 months old, leaving his mother, Eliza, to support a large family in difficult circumstances. An voracious learner, Garfield worked on canal boats to earn money for an formal learning.
He learned legal principles, was ordained as minister, became leader of an institution in Ohio and was a state senator. In 1858 he married a former classmate, his future wife, with whom he would have multiple offspring. An dedicated federalist, Garfield viewed the internal struggle as a holy crusade against slavery and rose to the officer status.
âDuring my investigation, I found it incredible. He was exceptionally intelligent. He was incredibly brave. He was ahead of his time for the time. He was compassionate. He was a decent human being and would have been a remarkable commander-in-chief had he lived.â
Garfield was encouraged by the wartime leader to resign his military commission when he was elected to the Congress, where he would serve as a party member for nearly two decades. He was ardent advocate of black suffrage, viewing it as a issue of rights and the completion of a military promise.
âThe address he delivered on the floor of Congress will affect you emotionally. He was an incredibly powerful orator and this topic was extremely significant to him.â
At the 1880 Republican National Convention in Chicago the faction was sharply split between the âStalwartsâ, led by Senator Roscoe Conkling, who supported a continued leadership for Ulysses S Grant, and the âHalf-Breedsâ, who supported James G Blaine. Garfield attended as a advocate of his close associate John Sherman.
When the 15,000-person convention was gridlocked between Grant and Blaine, representatives began looking for a solution. Garfield's powerful oration nominating Sherman won them over. During the speech, he reportedly exclaimed, âAnd now, delegates, what do we want?â to which a voice from the crowd unexpectedly replied, âWe want Garfield!â
On the extended selection process, a wave of backers made Garfield the surprise nominee. To satisfy the Stalwart faction, another politician, a political ally from New York, was chosen as his running mate. In the general election Garfield beat the opposing candidate to become the sole representative of the House ever to be chosen as leader.
âGarfield's potential greatness and what is remarkably uncommon and maybe particular about the American presidency is he wasn't seeking the position. It's not that he had completely dismissed it but he was forced into the role.â
The central struggle of Garfield's brief term was his clash with Conkling over the âspoils systemâ. Conkling required power over political positions in New York, particularly the prestigious role of Collector of the Port of New York. Garfield declined, stating the issue was âwhether the president is registering clerk of the senate or the presidential authorityâ. He proposed a opponent of Conkling to the post.
The confrontation turned into a open fight but Garfield outmaneuvered Conkling in the Senate. Facing a public failure, Conkling and his junior senator left their positions in protest. The next day, Garfield's nominee was confirmed. It was a historic triumph for the power of the presidency over the faction system and for the cause of reform over âboss ruleâ.
But even as Garfield confronted influential people of his party, he was being pursued by a disturbed and delusional man who represented the dark side of the spoils network. The assassin was a drifter with a record of occupational setbacks, emotional issues and early life difficulties. He had not succeeded as a lawyer, financial agent, preacher and member of a free-love commune.
âHe was psychologically disturbed and his specific type of insanity was false belief. He always believed that God had chosen him for significance. He actually had more privileged beginning than Garfield but where Garfield succeeded and advanced, Guiteau was unsuccessful in all endeavors.â
But Guiteau believed he had at last discovered a route to achievement: politics. Carried away in the events of the 1880 election, he created and presented an insignificant speech, and became persuaded internally that he was single-handedly responsible for Garfield's victory.
Under this logic, Guiteau calculated he had earned a prestigious position. He journeyed to DC and constantly harassed Garfield, Blaine and other leaders, demanding to be made the US consul in Paris â a post for which he had zero qualifications. He became such a nuisance that he was eventually excluded from the White House.
On that fateful day, just several weeks into his presidency, Garfield was leaving Washington for his educational gathering. As he moved through the train depot, Guiteau emerged from hiding, produced an handgun from his coat pocket and fired multiple rounds in the back.
Garfield exclaimed: âMy God, what is this?â and dropped on the station floor. When a {police officer|law